TEMPORARY WELL KILL/REVERSE TECHNOLOGY

Temporary Well Kill/Reverse Kill technological procedure is needed every year for 100% of all wells for yearly scheduled standard well’s maintenance and acid treatments, for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of depleted productivity restoration, for water isolation for water isolation from hydrocarbon layers, for wells services and repairman works, for drilling operation, etc. 

Conventional methods: 

In well killing treatments by conventional methods with plugs and cement blockers the pump and tubing have to be removed for putting plugs into the well. 

The plugs, used for this process, are very heavy; killing wells by these methods are very difficult, expensive and very time consuming. Conventional well kill/well restoration procedure takes at least a few days (depending on well’s depth and structural specifics), excluding well all this time from hydrocarbon production and often increases the undesirable water leakage into well and mixing with oil. 

To eliminate this problem can take sometimes up to 2 weeks. In order to reverse the well kill, the kill fluid must be displaced from the well bore. 

Newest proprietary patented Well Kill/Well Reverse technology: 

The innovative patented environmentally safe biodegradable chemical compositions are used for well temporary well killing/kill reversing and there is no need for mechanical equipment to be used. 

The time needed for injection of chemicals and salt solution for well killing is about 2 hours only and there is no need for pump and tubing displacement. 

First, our proprietary patented light weight, EPA approved, environmentally safe, biodegradable chemical compositions are injected into well, changing into jelly film and creating the isolating layer above perforated zone. The jelly film isolates the well’s formation liquids and gas at the perforated zone top. Isolating durability of jelly film can last up to 9 months. 

No additional equipment, no rearranging or moving of well‘s standard maintenance equipment is needed, saving the valuable days for well’s productive operation. 

The reverse kill well procedure takes 2 hours, restoring well’s production and without any water leakage and mixing with oil. 

To reverse well kill, to open well quickly, just the 2% solution of organic citric acid is used to wash out the injected compositions and open well. Just 4 hours will take to close and open well’s production. This is the cheapest, quickest and environmentally safest method to close and open wells. 

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EOR CAVITATION TECHNOLOGY RECOVERY UP TO 90% OF HYDROCARBONS

  EOR CAVITATION TECHNOLOGY AND CAVITATION GENERATOR 

           We use the revolutionary proprietary patented environmentally clean liquid jets (without any moving parts) to create high speed high pressure liquid cavitation to clean the well-bore from scales, precipitants, mud filtrate, drilling liquid sediments, cement or any other permeability blocks.

The set of multi-nuzzle jets creates a powerful compressed waves of cavitation that stimulates the oil and gas deposits in horizontal direction as far us up to 500 feet around treated well to recover up to 90% of hydrocarbons left in abandoned and low productivity wells.

The avalanche of cavitation is radiated 360 degree horizontally around well without vertical rock hydro disruptions, preventing oil from migration in vertical direction away from productive perforated zone.   Cavitation is the formation and immediate avalanched implosion of cavities in a liquid – i.e. macroscopic liquid-free vacuum zones ("bubbles") – that are the result of forces acting upon the liquid, when a liquid is subjected to rapid changes of high pressure, that cause the formation of cavities, where the pressure is relatively low.

Very Intense periodical liquid pulses, focused under high pressure through patented row of jets, evaporate gases into the cavities from the surrounding medium; the cavities are not a perfect vacuum, but have a relatively low gas pressure inside of cavity compared to surrounding ambient liquid.

Such a very low-pressure cavitation bubbles in a liquid begins to collapse due to the higher pressure of the surrounding ambient liquid. As the bubbles collapses, the pressure and temperature of the vapor within microscopic bubbles increases very much, reaching up to 1000 degree of Celsius. The bubble eventually collapses to a minute fraction of its original size, at which point the gas within bubbles dissipates into the surrounding ambient via violent mechanism, which releases a significant amount of energy into surrounding ambient.

 At the point of total collapse, the temperature of the vapor within the bubble may be several thousand Kelvin degree, and the pressure is several hundred atmospheres. The physical process of cavitation inception is to some degree similar to boiling. When the cavitation bubbles collapse, they force energetic liquid into very small volumes, thereby creating spots of high temperature and emitting shock waves into surrounding area.

The process of bubble generation, the subsequent growth and collapse of the cavitation bubbles, produces very high energy densities, resulting in very high temperatures and pressures at the surface of the microscopic bubbles for a very short time. The overall liquid environment remains at ambient conditions.   By controlling the flow of the cavitation, its power is harnessed and non-destructive. 

Controlled cavitation break down the long carbon molecules of oil in more short ones, API and liquidity of recovered oil increases; the process creates a powerful pulsing compression waves that stimulates the surrounding of oil areas as a whole. Prior testing has shown: oil/gas wells, as far as 500 feet from the well being stimulated, have increased oil production as a result of the stimulation by cavitation process.

The cavitational stimulator directs the high pressure focused pulsed streams of liquid through patented jets row constructed of super-hard patented material, creating the pulsed avalanches of microscopic bubbles and a powerful pulsing compression waves. Depending on well and bedrock specification, the water (in most cases), oil, oil derivatives and environmentally clean synthetic solution are used as a working liquid. 

The wells treatment requires limited amount of liquid: only part of liquid is converted into cavitation caverns/bubbles, the rest of liquid is recycled back to high pressure liquid pump at the surface. The amount of liquid, needed to treat one well, is from 5 to 40 cubic meters (depending how deep is well).

  Treatment time and personnel:

  Depleted working wells: 2 technicians, 2 -3 workdays

  Abandoned capped wells: 10 technicians, 7 – 10 workday

www.maliaventures.com

EOR HYDRO SLICING 10X Productivity

Enhanced Oil Recovery by Hydro Slicing technology is the cutting continuous slots/perforations along the well-bore in productive hydrocarbons layers of vertical and horizontal wells and practically elimination of static and tangential pressure of formations around perforated zones.

The formation around wells, including hydrocarbon layers, is under static (vertical) pressure due to the gravitational weight of formation itself, and tangential (horizontal) pressure around wells, created by drilling process and by geological moves/sliding of formations layers (distorting the well-bore structures in vertical and horizontal directions). 

The tangential pressure is at least 2 times higher than static vertical pressure.

These pressures are decreasing the permeability and porosity of hydrocarbons layers and potential productivity of wells. The deeper the wells, the more they are under both types of pressure, “suffocating” permeability, porosity and potential productivity of wells. 

Under the vertical and annular/tangential stress conditions (stress-strain states) the high overburden pressure significantly reduces the permeability near well-bore zone. Oil and gas flow cannot penetrate into the well. Porous and fractured formations are subjected to compression under the stress, stress deforms the rock mass and reduces its permeability. 

The depth has a significant influence on the stress-strain state of the rock mass around the well-bore. The more depth the more stress strain states, the lower permeability, and as a result the decrease of productive efficiency.

The vertical slots will unload the vertical and annular/tangential compressive stress around well-bore productive zone. We use the proprietary hydro cutting tool with proprietary hydro jets and recycling water with abrasives (sand) to cut hydrocarbon layers through vertical and horizontal well-bore’s casing and concrete in around perforated zones and washing fragments of cuts to the well head, practically eliminating both types of pressure and increasing the potential productivity of wells by increased permeability and porosity of hydrocarbon layers.

Also, the cuts in hydrocarbon layers around well-bore make it possible to stimulate the hydrocarbon layers by high voltage plasma discharge and petrochemical methods and avoid all environmental problems of hydro fracking.

The hydro cutting method combined with high voltage discharge and petrochemical methods has the longest period of increased wells productivity up to 10 times, from 36 to 60 months on average, and up to 10 years for some wells.

www.energydevelopmentpartners.com

World Energy Brief : Modern Oil & Gas Exploration Techniques-Joshua Mos...

World Energy Brief : Modern Oil & Gas Exploration Techniques-Joshua Mos...: Today, powerful computers and other advanced technologies support the science behind exploration. Over the years, the physical and ...

Modern Oil & Gas Exploration Techniques-Joshua Mosshart

Today, powerful computers and other advanced technologies support the science behind exploration. Over the years, the physical and chemical properties of oil have become better understood. Few realize that crude oil has radioactive and magnetic properties. It is these properties which are detectable with the right technological applications. 

There are a variety of ways geologists and geophysicists can evaluate a given area of land to determine the likelihood and magnitude of oil or other hydrocarbons being present. This include magnetic, gravimetric, seismic (2D,3D & 4D), and radiometric analyses. 

Magnetics 

Magnetic surveys gather data from specialized sensors that measure the relative magnetic field strength caused by minerals in the Earth's upper crust. The Earth's magnetic field is directly influenced by its geological faults, lineaments and fracture systems, along with magnetic anomalies. 

Magnetic anomalies are usually indicative of possible deposits.

These surveys are typically conducted by airplanes or satellites as they can cover large amounts of Land in one pass. One of the problems with magnetic surveys is that they often cannot determine the depth at which a potential formation may exist.

Gravimetric

The measurement of an object's gravitational field is unique throughout nature. Gravimetric surveys analyze the slight changes in density of subsurface rock which has proven useful when determining the presence of a fluid, such as oil. 

Like magnetics, these surveys often lack the 3-dimentional ability of showing a target's associated depths. 

Radiometrics

Otherwise known as gamma-ray spectrometry, radiometric analysis is an effective geological mapping technique if combined with surrounding production and previous well samples analyses. Radiometrics can be a cost-effective way to determine whether a prospective formation is continuous or isolated. 

Radionetrics refers to the measure of decaying atomic particles, particularly gamma radiation, emitted from various types of matter, including the earth's crust. Radiometric technology relies on 3 elements that are present in gamma radiation: thorium (Th), potassium (K), and uranium (U). 

In terms of radiometric analysis, potassium is a positive sign for finding oil reservoirs. Since we believe hydrocarbons are created from previous plan and animal lifeforms, we can look at how this element is required for metabolic processes for modern plants and animals. 

Without potassium there would be no plants or animals on our planet. 

Plants today use potassium to build cellulose walls along with the formation of chlorophyll, a precursor for photosynthesis. We see high levels of thorium (Th) and potassium (K) elements in crude oil. 

Seismic

The principles behind seismology are based on the known interactions of sound waves through different layers. Sound waves tend to reflect or refract when encountering materials with different acoustic properties. This tends to happen at points of distinct density changes between formations.

Seismic analysis is conducted by sending a signal through the ground and then waiting for it to bounce back to be detected by geophones. Computers then analyze the collected data to create an estimate of how the formation might be shaped. 

Recording time in seismic studies is critical to determine the depth of a possible formation. There are mathematical formulations involving the traveling sound wave's velocity, time, and distance used to calculate the actual depth of the target. 

The simplest for of seismic analysis is 2D seismic, uses techniques and methods described above. 3D seismic involves the use of super computers to arrange multiple sets of 2D data to provide 3-dimentional images of the target. 

4D seismic is now possible by conducting 3D surveys over time and combining the resulting data throughout the production phase of a well. 4D seismic is used analyze how efficiently hydrocarbons are being extracted from a reservoir. 

These surveys help formulate a rough estimate of probable costs necessary to compile an Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) for equipment, such as drilling rigs and pipe. Reserve estimates can be hypothesized to calculate Return on Investment (ROI) which should be used to justify the expenses of further exploration and production. 

Satelite Aerial

These technologies are capable of remote survey and exploration. Satellite Aerial surveys provide a very high resolution imaging photos of the Earth surface, scanned by highly focused beam in infrared spectrum. 

Utilizing a library of minerals reference plates with unique mineral signatures; by recording responses of each mineral under survey to scanning by highly focused RF pulsing beam we are now able to extract the geophysical structure by three survey stages up to 7000 meters deep from the Earthsurface under survey.

The satellite photos are processed in a nuclear test reactor under Magnetic Nuclear Resonance conditions plus specific chemical processing to bring up the geophysical information hidden in analog satellite imaging. 

Aerial scanning and recording of magnetic field local variations above the survey surface by highly focused RF pulsing beam will give you exact pinpointing of minerals contouring and drilling points. 

This application uses the Earth magnet field as a constant reference in aerial scanning and recording the Local Variations of magnetic field above the surface under surveillance.

Dimensional Localization of specific minerals is done by applying the specific RF pulsing spectrum to magnet field above the surface under surveillance.The resonant response of minerals under scanning is the basic information for more processing to obtain more exact 3 D localization and specifics of mineral deposits.

These surveys help formulate a rough estimate of probable costs necessary to compile an Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) for equipment, such as drilling rigs and pipe. Reserve estimates can be hypothesized to calculate Return on Investment (ROI) which should be used to justify the expenses of further exploration and production. 

Utilizing these technologies mitigates the risk of investing in ventures with tremendous profit potential.

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Energy & Climate Change in Developing Countries-Leapfrogging-Joshua D. Mosshart

While cities command an increasingly dominant role in the global economy as centers of both production and consumption, this rapid urban growth throughout the developing world is outstripping the capacity of most cities and urban centers to provide adequate services for their citizens.1

While there is no ‘typical’ city in terms of their energy needs and energy use, they do have a lot in common. Cities run on energy and require land – their burning of fossil fuels and their contribution to land clearing combine to contribute massively to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere – they are also extremely vulnerable to energy scarcity, to energy price rises and health impacts of very poor air quality. In developing countries many urban citizens experience extreme energy poverty and their access to transport and so to urban goods is constrained.

While the energy transition challenges faced by developed and developing urban centers are fundamentally the same – to stabilize a growing hunger for secure energy supplies, avoid polluting and wasteful industries and power systems, and shun development paths that condemn citizens to high transport costs – urban centers in developing countries face additional challenges. These can include serious finance, governance, capacity and resource problems – and yet the fluidity of development and the rapid changes that are occurring may make opportunities of some of these challenges.

These cities, while they may have fewer resources than those in developed countries, are not so ‘set in their ways’ – they have the potential to establish new and different development paths.

"There is no doubt that it will be far less costly to avoid the outcomes of climate change, than to live with its consequences or to repair its damage."

Leapfrogging

One of the more obvious opportunities for cities in developing countries is that of ‘leapfrogging’ – where countries skip inferior, less efficient, more expensive or more polluting technologies and industries and move directly to more advanced ones. In terms of energy planning, developing countries need not repeat the mistakes of highly industrialized countries in creating an energy infrastructure based on fossil fuels, but “jump” directly to renewable energy sources and more efficient technologies.

Some of the advantages of sustainable energy action planning:

Improvements in local air quality – Energy management initiatives are among the most cost-effective actions that local authorities can take to reduce the air pollution that causes serious environmental and health problems within their cities.

Financial savings – While many local authorities are faced with budget deficits, the appeal of saving money is often the starting point for municipal energy management initiatives. Improved efficiencies in municipal energy consumption offer plentiful opportunities for reducing operating costs.

New jobs – Inefficient energy systems represent important investment opportunities in the community, and such investments are among the most effective ways to create new employment. When energy management reduces expenditures on fuel and electricity, the savings can then be re-spent within the community.

Local economic development – The energy management industry itself is a growth industry and its promotion can be an effective component of local economic development strategies in the community. In addition, big business is increasingly considering the livability of a city an important factor in deciding where to locate – access to urban goods and transport efficiencies (and so spatial development and public transport provision) are critical to creating livable cities.

New partnerships – Utilities, private enterprises, financial institutions, and levels of government other than municipal are all pursuing energy management for various reasons. They have recognized that urban governments are well suited to deliver the type of integrated programes often required to achieve energy efficiency and renewable energy objectives.

Sources:1 Cohen B 2006, UNHABITAT,UNEP

Joshua D. Mosshart MSFS, CHFC, CASL, CLU

The Paris Agreement-Joshua D. Mosshart MSFS, CHFC, CASL, CLU

On April 22, 2016, 175 countries signed the Paris Agreement, which set the record for highest number of countries signing an international agreement on its opening day. This includes the US and China, who jointly announced that they would sign on Earth Day, and nations including India and Australia have followed suit. Click here to see an up-to-date list of all the countries that have signed on since April 22. 

It’s not only important that these major emitters are signing on, but also that they’ve put their commitments on the table. China, for example, pledged among other things to peak its CO2 emissions around 2030 – and according to some analyses looks like it will achieve that goal much earlier than expected. 

The country will also launch a national cap-and-trade program in 2017. Meanwhile, China’s pledge to increase non- fossil fuels to around 20 percent of its primary energy consumption by 2030 commits it to installing 800–1,000 gigawatts (GW) of zero-emission facilities, roughly equal to the size of the entire current US electricity grid. 

The US, for its part, pledged to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 26—28 percent below 2005 levels by 2025. India aims to install 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 – nearly as much as the US has today (~183 GW).

By making these commitments public, China, India, and the US sent a clear message to other nations around the world: the shift to clean energy is on – and it’s time to get on board. 

Scientists generally consider (and politicians agree) that we have to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial temperatures to keep small, low- lying islands and coastal areas free from the worst effects of climate change. 

For small island nations, 1.5 degrees may be the highest temperature rise under which they can continue to exist without being swallowed by rising seas. In fact, the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) negotiating group has adopted the phrase “1.5 to stay alive” as its motto. 

AOSIS was joined by the Climate Vulnerable Forum, led by the Philippines in Paris, in calling for a 1.5-degree C temperature goal in the Paris Agreement in the Manila-Paris Declaration. Others followed suit. 

At the other end, politicians have agreed that 2 degrees C is the upper end of acceptable temperature rise if we’re going to limit the the adverse effects of

climate change. That’s why the Paris Agreement has an objective of holding global temperature increases “well below” 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels and

“to pursue efforts” to limit this increase to 1.5 degrees. That’s important because we’re very, very close to those limits already. February 2016 was the warmest month on record, by a lot. According to two US scientific agencies, the Earth’s surface temperature was 1.21 degrees C above the twentieth-century average. 

Energy receives nearly no direct mentions in the Paris Agreement, but behind the curtain of policy, the truth is clear: in order to implement the agreement, the world must make a rapid, equitable, and just transition to large-scale deployment of renewable energy. 

For this reason, NGO groups, the Climate Vulnerable Forum, and more have made reaching 100-percent renewable energy by 2050 a priority target. 

Studies have shown this is possible, if we act now and act fast. And with the cost of renewables continuing to plummet year after year, the good news is that doing so is increasingly affordable and practical. 

Source: The Climate Reality Project

Joshua D. Mosshart MSFS, CHFC, CASL, CLU